- LICHENIFICATION: refers to a thickening of the epidermis seen with exaggeration of normal skin lines. It is usually due to chronic rubbing or scratching of an area.
-ATROPHY : A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use.
- SEBORRHEIC KERATOSES: is one of the most common noncancerous skin growths in older adults .A seborrheic keratosis usually appears as a brown, black or light tan growth on the face, chest, shoulders or back. The growth has a waxy, scaly, slightly elevated appearance. Occasionally, it appears singly, but multiple growths are more common. Seborrheic keratoses don't become cancerous, but they can look like skin cancer.Seborrheic keratoses are normally painless and require no treatment. You may decide, however, to have them removed if they become irritated by clothing or for cosmetic reasons.
- VITILIGO: An acquired condition where melanocytes are absent from affected skin. The typical lesion is a sharply demarcated, depigmented, round or oval macule or patch. It occurs when immune cells and destroy melanocytes appear at any age It affects the face, elbows and knees, hands and feet, like the genitals. It also affects both sides of the body equally.It is most noticeable in black leather.
- ECHYMOSIS: Non-blanching, purpuric macules or patches of greater than 3mm due to extravasated blood in the skin for a coup.
- SCABLES: is contagious skin disease caused by a mite called sarcoptes scabiei. This mite acts like a parasite, which sucks and takes nutrition from blood of host. The typical skin findings include pruritic, excoriated papules on the hands, elbows, axillae, abdomen, genitalia, and feet. A diagnostic finding is the burrow – a white, superficial, serpiginous, thread-like line. Person-to-person and common in people living in unhygienic overcrowded places spreads this disease. Patients have itching which is severe and specially worsen in night, there are small point openings on skin which are not visible easily, these are the sites of mite entry.
- TINEA VERSICOLOR: It is a fungal infection of the skin fairly common long-term (chronic) .com, caused by a type of fungus called Pityrosporum ovale. This fungus is normally found in human skin, it occurs in warm areas.They have well-delineated edges and fine scales. They are often of a tan and dark reddish one are on the back, underarms, upper arm, chest and neck.
-PETECHIA: Small, nonblanching, erythematous macules, less than 0.5 cm (pinpoint to pinhead size), due to rupture of small blood vessels leading to hemorrhage, are caused by anemia.
-ACTINIC KERATOSIS: An actinic keratosis is a patch on your skin that develops from years of exposure to the sun. It's most commonly found on your face, lips, ears, back of your hands, forearms, scalp or neck, usually causes no signs or symptoms other than a patch or small spot on your skin. These lesions take years to develop, usually first appearing in older adults. A small percentage of actinic keratosis lesions can eventually become skin cancer. You can reduce your risk of actinic keratosis by minimizing your sun exposure and protecting your skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays.
- KAPOSI SARCOMA: It is a malignant tumor of the lymphatic endothelium caused by Kaposi's Sarcoma Virus.His signs are bluish-red lesions, flat or raised color with an irregular shape, bleeding from gastrointestinal lesions, difficulty breathing for lung lesions and bloody sputum for lung lesions also.
- LEUKONYCHIA: The horizontal white streaks are the result of abnormal keratinization of the nail plate. The tendency toward leukonychia is sometimes inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. In other cases, it can be attributed to vigorous manicuring, to trauma, or to a wide variety of systemic illnesses. In many patients, there is no obvious cause, and the streaks resolve spontaneously.
- ONYCHOLYSIS: is a nail disorder characterized by a spontaneous separation of the nail plate. Usually are smooth, firm, and without inflammatory reaction. Onycholysis is not a disease of the nail matrix.
- BEAUS LINES: regular or irregular transverse lines, grooves, one or all visible nail plates, each representing temporary interruption of nail matrix activity; showing initially as a ridge at the proximal nail, as nail plate grows at approximately 1 mm. Beau's lines affecting all nails (toes and fingers) indicate a systemic event (e.g. stroke; myocardial infarction); single-digit involvement implies a local cause (e.g. paronychia, local trauma).
- ATOPIC DERMATITIS: This is a common skin disease in children.Children often get atopic dermatitis (AD) during their first year of life. These patches are very common on the cheeks. No matter where it appears, AD is often very itchy. Infants may rub their skin against bedding or carpeting to relieve the itch. In children of all ages, the itch can be so intense that a child cannot sleep. Scratching can lead to a skin infection.Because atopic dermatitis can be long lasting, it is important to learn how to take care of the skin.
- PSORIASIS: A chronic condition characterized by an eruption demarcated, erythematous papules and plaques with overlying silvery scale. Although the lesions can occur anywhere on the skin, the classic distribution is on the scalp, elbows, and knees. Is derived from the immune system problems, it is not contagious and occurs between 15 to 35 years.